Introduction to Chikungunya
Dr. begins by addressing common misconceptions about Chikungunya, often confused with chicken-related illnesses. He clarifies that Chikungunya is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes mosquito, and has no connection with chickens or poultry.
Origins and Meaning
The first case of Chikungunya was identified in Tanzania in the 1950s. The name originates from the Swahili language, meaning “to become contorted,” reflecting the severe joint pain and deformities associated with the disease.
Global and Local Impact
Chikungunya has caused outbreaks in various countries, including many in Asia and Africa. In India, since 2006, there have been numerous outbreaks across different states. As of now, 34 states and union territories in India are considered endemic for Chikungunya.
Transmission
Chikungunya spreads through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. This mosquito is also responsible for spreading dengue and Zika virus. The virus resides in the human body, and when a mosquito bites an infected person and then bites another individual, the virus is transmitted.
Mosquito Characteristics and Environmental Factors
The Aedes mosquito thrives in conditions prevalent during the monsoon season, such as moderate temperatures, high humidity, and stagnant water. Outbreaks are common during and after the monsoon period. The mosquito has a limited flight range, leading to clustered cases within specific localities.
Symptoms and Phases of Chikungunya
Dr. Chaudhari explains that Chikungunya symptoms typically develop within 5 to 7 days after a mosquito bite. The disease has three phases:
- Acute Phase (up to 3 weeks): Sudden onset of high fever, severe joint pain, and a characteristic rash. Joint pain is intense, affecting small joints and causing significant discomfort.
- Subacute Phase (3 weeks to 3 months): Predominantly joint-related symptoms with pain, stiffness, and swelling.
- Chronic Phase (beyond 3 months): Persistent joint pain and stiffness, resembling rheumatoid arthritis.
- Differentiating Chikungunya from DengueDr. Chaudhari highlights the importance of distinguishing Chikungunya from dengue, as both are transmitted by the same mosquito. Key differences include the duration of fever, the onset of rash, and the presence of severe joint pain in Chikungunya. Systemic complications like a drop in platelet count and other severe symptoms are more common in dengue.High-Risk GroupsCertain populations are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including individuals over 45, females, those with chronic conditions like hypertension, hypothyroidism, COPD, and pregnant women.DiagnosisDiagnosing Chikungunya involves considering the clinical symptoms and recent travel history to endemic areas. Blood tests may not always be conclusive due to the lack of significant systemic abnormalities in Chikungunya.